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Human Health
Rare diseases as catalyst for innovation
Key facts
7,000+
rare diseases identified globally
~350m
people affected worldwide
>90%
rare diseases lack an
FDA‑approved treatment
45%
global Clinical Trial starts in 2024
focused on rare diseases6
6. See Remington‑Davis, The Rise of Rare Disease Clinical Trials: Trends, Challenges and What Sites Are Learning, June 2025
Rare diseases affect an estimated 350 million people worldwide, yet the vast majority remain without approved treatments. Scientific advances, combined with supportive regulatory frameworks, make this domain a catalyst for innovation: rare disease programs often achieve first in human proof of concept for modalities that later scale to broader patient populations.
For Forbion, rare diseases are more than a therapeutic category; they represent a strategic engine for innovation, value creation, and long-term impact. Orphan indications represent an important part of our portfolio, a reflection of both our scientific expertise and our commitment to addressing areas of profound unmet need.
Patient-centric innovation as a scientific imperative
Patients and families living with rare diseases are essential partners throughout the innovation journey. Their lived experience informs disease understanding, trial feasibility, and endpoint relevance. These elements significantly influence development risk and regulatory success of drug programs. Insights shared by patient advocates during Forbion’s 2025 Excellence Roundtable underscored three central themes:
- Co designing clinical studies with patients improves recruitment, retention, and real world relevance.
- Natural history data generated by patient organizations helps reduce uncertainty in early development.
- Validated patient reported and observer reported outcomes deepen understanding of burden of disease and strengthen Health Technology Assessment (HTA) submissions.
Early and meaningful patient engagement is essential for understanding disease burden, shaping realistic clinical endpoints, and designing trials that families can participate in. This collaboration not only strengthens the evidence base behind new therapies but also ensures that development reflects real‑world needs.
Investor perspective
For investors, rare diseases represent a compelling paradox: small markets with disproportionately large scientific leverage. Their economic sustainability depends on three principles:
- Platform scalability – using a single vector or modality across multiple indications;
- Partnership optionality – creating strategic pathways with large pharma; and
- Value-based pricing aligned with measurable patient outcomes.
When executed responsibly, these dynamics create a virtuous cycle where patient impact and financial performance reinforce each other. Forbion’s portfolio companies, e.g. Azafaros, VectorY and Dyne, demonstrate how rare disease programs progress from scientific hypothesis to compelling clinical outcomes with disciplined investment and strong ecosystem collaboration.
Looking ahead
Many of today’s leading technologies, such as gene therapy, mRNA delivery, antisense oligonucleotides, and digital biomarkers, achieved their earliest validation in rare diseases before expanding into more prevalent indications. However, science alone will not suffice. As emphasized by the roundtable panelists, policymakers must preserve incentives, regulators must retain flexibility, and investors must sustain courage. Above all, we must maintain the centrality of the patient voice, which ensures that innovation remains not only technically brilliant but socially meaningful.
In focus: VectorY Therapeutics

Image credit: VectorY
Industry | Biotech |
Area | CNS |
Modality | GTx |
Strategy | Ventures/Growth |
Location | The Netherlands |
VectorY Therapeutics is a gene therapy company that was founded in 2020. Forbion Operating Partner and gene‑therapy pioneer Sander van Deventer is credited with conceiving the company’s scientific concept of developing the idea to build a fully integrated gene‑therapy company using vectorized antibodies. VectorY’s platform uniquely combines vectorized antibodies with a premier gene therapy technology to target some of the most challenging disorders of the central nervous system.
Focus on high‑impact rare diseases
VectorY develops first in class programs for the following conditions with profound unmet need:
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the rapid and progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to paralysis, and death due to the inability to breathe. It is a fatal disease, with most individuals dying from complications such as respiratory failure within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis, though some may survive longer. VectorY’s lead drug candidate, VTx 002, has the potential to significantly delay disease progression and preserve quality of life in the majority of people with ALS.
- Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited condition that causes the brain to gradually stop working properly over time. Although a person is born with the gene that causes Huntington’s, its symptoms usually do not appear until adulthood, often between the ages of 30 and 50. The disease affects how people move, think, and feel. There is currently no cure, and it can lead to serious health problems and, eventually, be life-threatening. VectorY’s platform targets misfolded proteins and intracellular dysfunction, offering a novel mechanism in a disease without curative options.
- Other rare CNS conditions: The platform extends to additional protein misfolding disorders, including subsets of Parkinson’s disease.
This approach allows metal extraction to be combined with progressive land restoration, rather than long‑term ecological damage. Phytomining reframes metal extraction as a regenerative land‑use activity, aligned with biodiversity protection and responsible land stewardship.
A platform designed to overcome CNS therapeutic barriers
VectorY’s technology directly addresses the challenges that have long limited progress in neurodegeneration, such as poor CNS penetration, intracellular targets, and limited treatment durability. For rare disease patients, particularly those with ALS, where life expectancy after diagnosis is typically 3–5 years, VectorY’s approach has the potential to meaningfully extend functional ability, slow decline, and improve quality of life. The company has taken important steps toward bringing a new therapy to people living with ALS. In late 2025, U.S. regulators gave the green light to begin clinical testing of VTx‑002, marking the transition from years of research to studies in patients.

Living with ALS: Marcel Didden’s story
To be honest, in the last 7 years, I have not been unhappier than the 7 years before. So I think I found a good coping strategy. We have small children, my youngest was 4 years old (at my diagnosis), he's now 11, and it really is a present to see him growing up and doing things with him.”